Advertisements that Glorify Violence Against Women

Advertisers have countless subtle ways of presenting advertisements to sell products, but a lot of these advertisements may go way beyond the selling of products. Advertisements with regard to violent sexual scenes against women may actually be sending subliminal messages that violence is okay. Looking at these advertisements, it is not hard to see that there is a deeper meaning behind them than to just sell a product. With Sexual and violent Advertisements we may even be able to make the statement that rape, sexual assault and violence is alive and thriving in our society. Americans along with Europeans are being desensitized by the vast amount of violent advertisements. Advertisements that convey startling portrayals of women being†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, a few angry viewers will not stop advertisers from using violent advertisements to sell their products. In this next advertisement the viewer is shown the aftermath of what looks to be a woman who was assaulte d. A Victim of beauty shows a shocking glamorization of domestic abuse that was shown in a Bulgarian magazine 12. The magazine sells clothing from HM, Label and Capasca. This startling image shows a woman in a red top with red lips, her hair and makeup done to perfection while sporting a single black eye. Have advertisers in our society really lowered its values to the emotional sadness of seeing victims of abuse just to sell clothing? The lower caption in the ad translates from Bulgarian to, â€Å"Recommended Parental Controls: pictures are not recommended for persons under 16 years. And for the faint hearted† ( ).This seems to challenge the notion that only viewer who are too young to understand or people with heart problems will be affected by viewing this image. Controversially, all people with a heart should be disturbed by this image. Was the intention of the magazine to glamorize domestic violence or was it that being beautiful is painful? Either way, seeing a bl ack eye on a woman shows the obvious after effect of violence that can invoke rage, fear and empathy in all people. The color red that is usually seen as a powerful color, no longer exudes a strong andShow MoreRelatedA Woman Can Get Hurt : Advertising And Violence, By Jean Kilbourne1319 Words   |  6 Pagesmore about disconnection and distance than connection and closeness. It is also more often about power than passion, about violence than violins† (491). Media has developed an abusive view on women, particularly on their bodies and their sexuality. Not only does it judge women on their bodies and sexuality, media also undermines women’s intelligence and glorifies rape and violence. Media has made girls and boys think that it is okay to rape and be violent in a relationships. Media has also formed theRead MoreEssay about Mass Media2506 Words   |  11 Pagesour culture. Advertisements are the foundation for mass media; they sell images, values, success, normalcy, and romance. Daily, we are exposed to advertisements whether they are written or commercial. Jean Kilbourne says in her 1979 video Killing Us Softly, advertisement is part of our air pollution (1979). Advertisements have social consequences that give them the ability to reinforce objectification of women?s bodies, and display images that may cause male violence against women, sexualize youngRead More The Affect of Media Beauty Standards on Womens Self Esteem Essay2155 Words   |  9 PagesThe Affect of Media Beauty Standards on Womens Self Esteem In the daily fight for the emancipation of women and the pressures and influence of advertising, women of all ages are coerced into physical and psychological self-torment trying to achieve an optimum look or image. This is something not limited to a few. One can see the work of television advertisers in high schools everyday as girls wear the same clothing, makeup and accessories as their favorite stars. They may also try to imitateRead MoreEssay about Gendered Media9688 Words   |  39 PagesCommunication, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill times more often than ones about women (â€Å"Study Reports Sex Bias,† 1989), media misrepresent actual proportions of men and women in the population. This constant distortion tempts us to believe that there really are more men than women and, further, that men are the cultural standard. THEMES IN MEDIA Of the many influences on how we view men and women, media are the most pervasive and one of the most powerful. Woven throughout our daily livesRead MoreImpact of Media on Socio-Cultural Values and Social Institution in Indian Society10316 Words   |  42 Pagesproducing ad copy is usually available †¢ Quick turn-around helps your ad reflect the changing market conditions. The ad you decide to run today can be in your customers hands in one to two days. †¢ Ad space can be expensive †¢ Your ad has to compete against the clutter of other advertisers, including the giants ads run by supermarkets and department stores as well as the ads of your competitors †¢ Poor photo reproduction limits creativity †¢ Newspapers are a price-oriented medium; most ads are for salesRead MoreGeneral Aspects Of Sports Throughout Ancient Games Of Ancient Greece, Boxing, Wrestling And Pankration Essay2270 Words   |  10 Pageswrestling and pankration were the three major forms of combat sports. In Greece most slaves participated in these events. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent or by disabling the opponent. Athletes competed against others in a contest with established regulations and procedures, with the objective of beating the other competitors. From Peter Chapter 2 verse 17 it mentions â€Å"show proper respect to everyone, fear God and honor the emperor.† This verse has a similarRead MoreViolence on Television Does Not Impact Behavior Essay3474 Words   |  14 PagesViolence on Television Does Not Impact Behavior TV heroes endorse tanks of noxious,flesh-eating gas The complex age of elaborate laptops, portable color televisions in every room, and pocket radios the size of a basic calculator have all taken their toll on American society. In a furious outburst reflecting the contemporary society in which we live, television has come to represent all that is evil and wicked for our children. Through gruesome, explicit, and often unrealistic portrayals of deathRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 PagesIntervention for Critical Thinking Skills .......................................................24 Media Literacy as Intervention for Alcohol Use.......................................................................25 Media Literacy as Intervention for Violence ............................................................................26 Media Literacy as Intervention for Smoking ............................................................................27 Media Liter acy as Intervention for Sexual ObjectificationRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesjournalists closer to their subject matter than professional journalists †¢ Better position to uncover unique on-the-ground perspectives Mainstream GOOD: Sheer physical authenticity - reliability †¢ Cost of publishing book acts as a barrier to entry against casual writers †¢ Hardly any oversight over the quality of material that gets published via new media channels †¢ Any work, regardless of its value, can easily get broadcasted to a global audience †¢ Publishers want to ensure that their booksRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesmutually exclusive with the effects and the range of mass media affecting one in three adults in America. [3] Thus, the appeal for this investigation was personal and lay in my yearning to discover whether this correlation between violence and popular culture really existed, and if it did, how strong and influential were its effects on individuals and society? The question I have posed is a very contentious one, which has been debated by scholars and graduates for

Traffic Information Surveys Free Essays

Chapter – 4 PRELIMINARY SURVEYS AND DATA COLLECTION In the chapter 3, we have discussed about the aim and methodological analysis adopted for the work. In this chapter, traffic studies which are to be conducted and the demand of the studies for explicating the indexes of the mobility are briefly explained. The chapter is organized into two parts which consists of, Preliminary studies are conducted for the informations aggregation and the 2nd portion consists of secondary informations aggregation, which is obtained from assorted beginnings. We will write a custom essay sample on Traffic Information Surveys or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4.1. Traffic Surveies The undermentioned preliminary studies were conducted for developing index. Traffic volume count study Speed and hold surveies Road stock list study Opinion study 4.1.1. Traffic volume count study Traffic volume count studies are conducted to acquire the accurate values and information about the sum of vehicles go throughing through the study country. Need of traffic volume count study: Traffic volume count studies are used to: [ 6 ] Traffic tendencies can be established by mensurating the traffic volume. To find the one-year travel clip in vehicle kilometres for the bing system and based on it economic justification can be provided for new proposals. Highway user costs, grosss can be estimated. In the present survey, classified volume count studies were conducted at the beginning and the finish of the identified stretch Need for Classified volume count study: [ 6 ] Components of Geometric design of main roads such as breadth of lanes, design of inclines, clearances for overhead constructions ; classs etc. are dependent on the categorization of the vehicles and its volume on the route. Pavement deign, design of Bridgess and design of other substructure installations on the route requires informations about classified volume count. Volume to the capacity, normally termed as V/C ratio can be determined merely on the footing of classified volume count. Classified volume count at peak hours throws visible radiation on the lacks of the systems To supply justification for the regulative steps such as, one-way streets, routing of traffic, parking installations. Traffic volume informations is really much of import in traffic, deign, planning, operation and research intents. Traffic volume Count Survey is conducted at identified midblock for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours covering both forenoon and eventide extremum and off-peak hours. Behavior of the study: Manual traffic counts were conducted at the identified midblock of beginning ( Sunkadakatte ) and finish ( K.R.Puram ) of the stretch selected for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours. At each midblock, both directional classified traffic volume count study were conducted for the computation of public presentation indexs. Analysis of the informations: The traffic volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the values are analyzed, where the information is analyzed. The entire volume is converted to Passenger auto units ( PCU ) as per IRC: 106-1990 to find the volume of the route to its capacity given in the codification. Vehicle Type Equivalent PCU factors- Percentage composing of vehicles type in traffic watercourse Fast Vehicles 5 % 10 % and above 1. Two Wheeler motor rhythm / scooter 0.5 0.75 2. Passenger auto, choice – up new wave 1.0 1.0 3. Auto-rickshaw 1.2 2.0 4. Light commercial vehicle 1.4 2.0 5. Truck or Bus 2.2 3.7 6. Agricultural Tractor Trailer 4.0 5.0 Slow vehicles 7. Cycle 0.4 0.5 8.Cycle jinrikisha 1.5 2.0 9. Tonga ( Horse drawn vehicles ) 1.5 2.0 10. Hand cart 2.0 3.0 Table 4.1: PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles [ 7 ] ( Beginning: Table 1: Recommended PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles on urban roads. IRC: 106-1990 [ 7 ] ) End product of the survey: The obtained PCU/HR for both Peak and off–Peak hours are analyzed and the Volume/Capacity is calculated for the finding of the public presentation index. 4.1.2. Speed and hold surveies Travel velocity is reciprocally relative to go clip. The travel clip survey provides informations for the sum of clip required to track a specified subdivision of route web. These types of informations provide information about velocity, hold informations. Travel clip and hold features are good indexs of the degree of service that is provided and can be used to mensurate the efficiency of the traffic flow. The velocity and hold surveies yields the informations about mean journey clip, mean journey velocity, norm stopped hold, mean running clip, entire stopped hold and mean running velocity along the stretch studied. Need of Speed and hold surveies: Speed and hold surveies can supply information on the sum, location, nature of hold and cause for the hold. Congestion can be evaluated and can be rectified by traffic and other ordinances. Congestion index, Travel clip index are all dependant on the travel clip, which is obtained by the velocity and hold surveies. Behavior of the study: Out of the assorted available methods for transporting out velocity and hold surveies, drifting auto method / Test-Car technique method is used for the current undertaking. Two trial tallies are conducted to find velocity and hold for both peak and off-peak hr of the twenty-four hours. Analysis of the informations: The volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the information is analyzed. The mean journey clipimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.001.png"( in proceedingss ) for all the vehicles in the watercourse along the way of flow Q is given by equation 4.1 and 4.2 [ 5 ] img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.001.png"= Ttungsten– ( nY/q ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.1 Q = ( na+nY) / ( Ta+ Ttungsten) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦4.2 Where, Q = flow of vehicles along one way of the watercourse. Na= mean figure of vehicles counted in the way of the watercourse when the trial vehicle travels in the opposite way. NY= mean figure of vehicles catching the trial vehicle minus the figure of vehicles overtaken when the trial vehicle is in the way of Q. Ta= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running against the watercourse Q. Ttungsten= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running with the watercourse Q. ( Mention: Highway Engineering, S.K.Khanna and C.E.G.Justo ) [ 5 ] End product of the survey Delaies along the stretch are obtained and the type and ground for the holds are besides obtained. 4.1.3. Road Inventory Survey Road stock list study is conducted to update the database of the bing route web. Behavior of the study: For the selected stretch, ocular stock list was conducted and the undermentioned stock lists of the installation have been done. Identified subdivision length. Effective route breadth. Presence of median. Quality of siting surface Presence of intersection installations. Handiness of foot way installations. Parking installations. Identified subdivision length Two test tallies were conducted from Sunkadakatte to K.R.Puram and back, to find the effectual subdivision length between the beginning and finish and it is has been found out to be 26kms. Effective route breadth. Road breadth available for the vehicular motion is calculated for every 250m utilizing tape and is represented as below in the graph. It is classified as route width holding breadth A ; gt ; 7.5m, breadth A ; lt ; 7.5m, Width A ; gt ; 10.5m. Graph indicates that 41 % of the route in the identified stretch has effectual route breadth A ; gt ; 7.5m, 25 % has less than 7.5m, and 34 % has greater than 10.5m. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.002.png"/ Figure 4.1: Road width Classification Presence of median. Majority of the route which comes under identified subdivision has median, approximately 86 % of the stretch has average and it is absent or removed for approximately 14 % of the subdivision, due to the building of subway and other infrastructural activity. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.003.png"/ Figure 4.2: Median Handiness Quality of siting surface Quality of siting surface is evaluated by Pavement rating [ 8 ] by ocular observations. Following process is followed to measure the quality of siting surface. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.006.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.005.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.004.png"5 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.007.png"Pavement like new img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.006.png"4 Many old ages of service life img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.006.png"3 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.010.png"Near to or necessitating Rehabilitation img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.006.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.011.png"2 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.008.png"Should hold been rehabilitated in the last twosome of old ages img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.013.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.012.png"1 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.008.png"Should hold been rehabilitated many old ages img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1893726.006.png"0 ago Figure 4.3: Quality of siting surface Based on the above process siting quality is evaluated and is found out to be 3.71 for the full stretch. Presence of intersection installations. For the stretch of 26kms there are about 39 signalized intersections. Handiness of foot way installations Road stock list surveies are conducted to mensurate the handiness of footpath length and this has installation has been described briefly under Walkability index in chapter 4 Parking installations Parking length on the on-street has been carried out to find the On-street parking index. This installation has been described briefly under On-street parking index in chapter 4. 4.2. Secondary Data Collection The secondary informations required for the survey is collected from the assorted beginnings and informations collected from assorted authorities sections are as follows: Bangalore City Traffic Police. Accident statistics informations is obtained from Bangalore City Traffic Police. Regional Transport Office, Bangalore. ( RTO ) Datas about Vehicles enrollment and the growing of vehicles for the decennaries is obtained from RTO, Bangalore. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation ( BMTC ) Datas abut coach fleet size, figure of agendas, figure of riders carried per twenty-four hours is obtained from BMTC, Bangalore. How to cite Traffic Information Surveys, Essay examples

Environmental Management Sustainable Development

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Management for Sustainable Development. Answer: Introduction: Sustainability development is defined as the using, protecting and strengthening of environment resources in an ecological way to maintain and ensure the safety of these services for the future generations. The need for a sustainable and better future emerged in the late 20th century. Like any other country who made it to the list of developed nations in the world, the Australian economy was highly dependent on it primary resources for industrial development. By 1990 the Commonwealth government of Australia created and gave a definition to the country`s personal ESD (ecological sustainable development). Surrounded by three oceans, Australia has a responsibility towards its marine environment. Also, the extensive use of land for modernization by the growing population has added to several environmental issues. As per Hiscock (2014), the betterment of the nation, economist favored a method of levying prices on those who emit CO2 called a carbon price. The idea of carbon tax primarily f ormed part of the future plan for clean energy and aimed to decrease levels of greenhouses gasses in the country. Implementation of this plan by the government targeted to promote the use of sustainable energy techniques by industries. As commented by Jotzo (2012), an efficient use of Carbon pricing plays a significant role in fulfilling Australia`s new commitments and besides can prove to be beneficial regarding revenue generation. The research analysis scrutinizes Australia`s current situation and the role of carbon pricing in establishing a better future. An update and reflection to the use of this strategy by the government have also been included. Furthermore, the project takes into consideration a relationship between systematic changes and sustainable development. Discussion According to Griggs et al. (2013), Australia lays down a set of goals and objectives to meet the need of a better present and worthwhile future. The nations self-developed SDGs (sustainable development goals) not only aims for the country`s prosperity but also encourage actions for a global sustainable development. However, being the world`s highest carbon emitter per person Australia faces a significant challenge of emission reduction. The practice of charging businesses for a high excretion of carbon waste in the environment has lead to an indicative downfall in the greenhouses gasses. According to Bailey et al. (2012), carbon tax policies in Australia fundamentally aimed to reduce pollution by 5% below 2000 at the end of 2020 and more than 80% below 2000 level by 2050. The Australian government fixed the price of one-tonne carbon emission at $23 for the year 2013-14 which increased to $24.15 for the financial year 2013-14. Primarily the strategy attended to the industrial segment whose direct excretion exceeded a limit and also to businesses for which it was mandatory to pay a price on emissions through the fuel tax rule or the greenhouse gas schemes. With an introduction of carbon pricing, the government of the nation set up separate bodies to look after the payment of such taxes. By the end of the year 2014, the tax liabilities started to function and show results in favor of Australia. As reported by Foxon et al. (2013), more than 75000 business companies of the country that included the mining, electricity, aviation and other sectors were liable to pay these charges. Relating to IMF reports, carbon pricing mechanism is the heart of an integrated strategy response of the Australian government that was designed through a comprehensive policy design course (Environment.gov.au. 2016). One of the main advantages of this taxing system is its ability to connect to several other marketing channels. For better functioning, the country puts a spotlight on linking its carbon tax policies to the international standards as well. To meet a state of the low-carbon economy, it is important for Australia to study the dual-nature of imposing carbon liabilities on its economy (Icapcarbonaction.com. 2016). It is the effect of these policies that enable industries to search a more ethical production technique. The burden of these taxes on the modernized country generates better revenue for the government and also makes the people aware of the social situation of the country. As stated by Fahimnia et al. (2013), despite healing and minimizing CO2 levels in the environ ment the practice of carbon pricing has lead to a downfall in the economy. The people of Australia have to pay a cost literally for a sustainable future. Increase in prices of goods and services due to an extra charge on carbon excretion is finally borne by the consumers (Carbontax.net.au. 2016). The modern generation tends to emphasize their demands over other species. To meet their needs the people are substantially dependent on nature and hence it is their responsibility to take care of the resources. While reviewing sustainability objectives, Australia is confronted with the wicked problem and its conjunction of systematical dynamics for better planning and insight of the real world. The government`s role in being able to study and criticize from a broad angle is necessary for understanding complexities and problems that arise along with the topic of sustainability. By exercising system thinking and focusing on growing patterns rather than singular occurrences the population of the country gain knowledge about integrated components in the urban environment. It is equally important to understand the ethical relationship between the elements of the environment to carry out decisions for the coming generation. System thinking often affects a sole component and in turn, leads to an unwanted and unexpected impact on another part creating a misbalance in the ecological system. The primary purpose of a system perspective is solving problems and gain valid information in order to understand the complex real world balance. Concerning a sustainable future and survival of the human race in Australia, the people are substantially dependent on the process of system thinking. Though it 's hard to develop more efficient strategies and drive the community towards achieving a common goal the system thinking mechanism identifies these issues as an overall system problem rather than reacting to individual parts alone. Australia greatly depends on the use of technology and globalization factors for economic development. The extensive consumption of resources acts as a hurdle in the advancement of the nation. An application of the systematic method and viewing its implication from a wider angle is what system thinking is all about. The government of the country along with performing by itself work in collaboration with social communities and international ties seek to understand and cultivate on the idea of sustainable development. With a concern of imposing carbon taxes in a systematic manner, the decision-makers need to divide the consumer segment based on their buying capacity and income levels (Healey 2015). Carbon liabilities on industries gradually add up to be a negative externality factor for the industrial sector of the country. Also, government reports show a substantial rise in product prices causes a situation of market failure. The relationship between elements that are dependent on eac h other forms a complexity in the system. Further, exploring an action plan based on system thinking rule it is regarded as a slow and non-practicable act that lacks efficiency in real-world issues. In order to reduce greenhouse gasses in the environment and focus on a safe livelihood for the coming generation, Australia looks at the carbon pricing policy as the most efficient method. The recent introduction of emission trading scheme has lead to a nowhere situation for the government of the country (Theaustralian.com.au. 2015). Also, the intervention of politics and corruption has slowed down the smooth functioning of the nation. A vast range of scaremongering has also caused the country to abolish a carbon tax. Though impose such liability would result in a rise in gas and electricity prices, it would also affect the GST of the country. In addition to a source for revenue generation, the tax reform policies put a spotlight on equality problems. The regressive nature of carbon pricing is to the fault in the functioning of the government. Most unfortunately, the abolition of the tax policy of carbon has gained a massive amount of negative review from almost every horizon of the world. Even such a sudden step has been pointed out as "disappointing step" by the former vice president of the US Al Gore. Along with Mr. Gore, the climate commissioner of the European Union has voiced same disappointment for passing the appeal for repealing Carbon tax legislation on 17th July 2014. The decision left Australia with no proper legal act to minimize emission of greenhouse gas. It is shocking that how new senators from the cross bench have dominated the Australian government finally to accept the repealed appeal regarding carbon tax (Independentaustralia.net. 2016). It is important to keep in mind the fact demise of two prime ministers has probably the instigated the process of abolishing the carbon tax policy in Australia. Unfortunately, rebelling voices of the labor party of Australia has submerged under the hypocritical attitude of Ian Macdonald who performs the role of government backbencher. As a dire consequence, 350 businesses will no more have an obligation to pay tax or make a balance in the business operation to control greenhouse gas emission. In the words of Hobbs and Saunders (2012), big head production companies and electricity generators which have been accused of being the pioneer of enhancing the volume of Carbon gas emission are supposed to have the potential benefit from this abolition. However, according to the Australian government, the scheme of Carbon pricing proved to have certain pitfalls though the rate of national emission of the greenhouse gasses has fallen by near about 0.8% (Taylor 2014). Most importantly, the systems of energy reporting and national greenhouse have the ability to avoid European problems. The good news in this context is that rate of the electricity emission from the east coast market has fallen by almost 11% though there are ambiguous and unsatisfactory results from the other parts of the domain. Consumer commission and council of the Australian competition are mainly accountable for enforcing the price reduction policies, and it is astonishing that they are quite reluctant about the fact that electricity bill and gas bill have raised since the abolition of Carbon price tax. However, these responsible entities have argued and supported their back by pointing to the fact that rise in the electricity bill is less by 9% than the estimated rate, and the gas bill has enhanced by 7% less than the expected rate (Meng Siriwardana and McNeill 2013). Conclusion The carbon tax was introduced in Act of Clean Energy in 2011. The government also launched funds for Emission Reduction in December 2014. The plan required emitting carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses to over 25,000 tonnes. This was a revolutionary idea, as the emission of greenhouse gasses in Australia declined to over 5%. It was investigated that there was a reduction of 7% after the induction of carbon tax. Carbon tax led to an increase of greenhouse gasses from the electricity companies increased by 4%, and 38% in 2008. The Earth is on the verge of the main pollution adversities, with the rise in global temperature and the sudden climate shifts, there is a crucial need for sustainable development. Implementing carbon tax and vehicular norms are just a few measures to tackle this global apocalypse. Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, which kills marine organism. Environmental issues have now become paramount important as the sustainability of the world as we know it, is in question. Practices like Recycling, Reusing, Waste treatment, mitigation, prevention, and composition are few ways. Pollution control devices like Dust collection, scrubbers, sewage treatment, industrial waste management and Phytoremediation are only a few measures. There need to be implementation and government initiatives for control of pollution, high polluting vehicles should be banned. Environmental Laws should be implemented after thorough assessment of the environmental impacts. Briefly, the most important ta rget for any government is to ensure a sustainable environmental development. Recommendations Bailey, I., MacGill, I., Passey, R. and Compston, H., 2012. The fall (and rise) of carbon pricing in Australia: a political strategy analysis of the carbon pollution reduction scheme.Environmental Politics,21(5), pp.691-711. Carbontax.net.au. (2016).Carbon Tax | The Facts about the Carbon Tax. [online] Available at: https://www.carbontax.net.au/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Environment.gov.au. (2016).N. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/about-us/esd/publications/national-esd-strategy-part1 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Environment.gov.au. (2016).Repealing the Carbon Tax | Department of the Environment and Energy. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/repealing-carbon-tax [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., Dehghanian, F., Banihashemi, N. and Rahman, S., 2013. The impact of carbon pricing on a closed-loop supply chain: an Australian case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, pp.210-225. Foxon, T.J., Khler, J., Michie, J. and Oughton, C., 2013. Towards a new complexity economics for sustainability.Cambridge journal of economics,37(1), pp.187-208. Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O., Rockstrm, J., hman, M.C., Shyamsundar, P., Steffen, W., Glaser, G., Kanie, N. and Noble, I., 2013. Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet.Nature,495(7441), pp.305-307. Healey, S., 2015. It's time to celebrate and renovate!.Taxation in Australia,49(8), p.434. Hiscock, M.E., 2014. Global, local and glocal schools: the role of comparative law and the impact of globalisation.China-EU Law Journal,3(1-2), pp.13-21. Hobbs, R.J. and Saunders, D. eds., 2012.Reintegrating fragmented landscapes: towards sustainable production and nature conservation. Springer Science Business Media. Icapcarbonaction.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/?option=com_attachtask=downloadid=14 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Independentaustralia.net. (2016).Independent Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.independentaustralia.net/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Jotzo, F., 2012. Australia's carbon price.Nature Climate Change,2(7), pp.475-476. Meng, S., Siriwardana, M. and McNeill, J., 2013. The environmental and economic impact of the carbon tax in Australia.Environmental and Resource Economics,54(3), pp.313-332. Taylor, L. (2014).Australia kills off carbon tax. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jul/17/australia-kills-off-carbon-tax [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Theaustralian.com.au. (2015).Putting a price on carbon will pay off. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/putting-a-price-on-carbon-will-pay-off/news-story/92415fb095918c6c33ff1a89647bb9a0 [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016].

The Seven Rules of Using MLA Format

The Seven Rules of Using MLA Format Most professors ask their students to write papers using MLA format. This simple format, taught in a variety of high school settings, is classic – and easy to remember. We’ve compiled the seven basic rules of MLA formatting. If you can stick to these rules, you’ll never be marked down for formatting mistakes. Include a separate citation page at the back of the essay. We just talked about your citation page, at great length, but we’re going to reference it one more time. If you don’t include a bibliography (or a citation page), you’ll lose more than a few points. In fact, your professor might refuse to grade your paper altogether. After all, the omission of sources is plagiarism. You could get into serious trouble for that. In other words, don’t forget your citation page. Please. Reference citations with a page number and the author’s last name. We’ll give you a quick example (Bondie 11). Did you notice how simplistic that was? In comparison to other styles, MLA is a walk in the park. Your in-text citation should include two parenthesis surrounding the last name of the author, followed by the page number (or paragraph number) in which the reference was found. In-text citations should always come at the end of a sentence, but before a period. This is extremely important. The citation is a portion of the sentence. It’s adding information. Make sure that information is included in the sentence itself, before the period that ends it. Make sure the paper itself is double-spaced. A single-spaced paper doesn’t fit the MLA profile. The intention is to make the paper easier for the professor to read – it also makes it easier for them to leave notes, as we’ve all learned. Don’t forget this rule. As a side note, you may want to try writing your paper in single-spaced form – then turn it into a double-spaced paper. You’ll turn a two page, tentative rant into a four page research paper in seconds. It works like magic. Use Times New Roman, twelve point font. Again, this is a basic rule for MLA format – probably the most basic, actually. If you mess up this part, your professor might not bother reading the rest of your paper. And if you dare to use Comic Sans, you’ll be sorry. Also, note that you need to make sure that your entire paper uses Times New Roman. That includes headers, footers, citations, and page numbers. Insert a page number and your last name in the upper right-hand corner of each page. There shouldn’t be a comma between them. Again, make sure these are both written in Times New Romance, twelve point font. Add necessary information for identification on the top left portion of the page. This should include your first and last name, the name of your class, the name of your professor, and the date – all on different lines, respectively. These four lines should be single-spaced, rather than double-spaced like the rest of the paper. Below this information, in the center of the page, you should include a title. Properly format your â€Å"Works Cited† page. You should use a hanging indent (create this effect by visiting your â€Å"Paragraph† settings). Your title should be centered. Your citation page should match the rest of your paper in terms of point size and font type. All of your citations should be alphabetized by last name (or subject). Also, in terms of most research papers, you should include at least three different sources. Your professor should specify per project, but you’ll benefit from maintaining a general rule-of-thumb number.

Free Essays on The Women Of LeFanu And Poe

The Women of LeFanu and Poe The women in the stories of Edgar A. Poe and Sheridan LeFanu are of two different persuasions but both have in common their death and demise. Poe’s stories exist mostly in the natural realm, some in the psychological, and LeFanu’s lean towards the supernatural. To understand why these two prolific men wrote about women the way they did we have to examine their background with women. Poe had a tough childhood growing up. He lost his father and mother only a year apart in 1810 and 1811. His sister went crazy and lost her mind. While he was in school, around the age of fifteen, a mother of one of his classmates acted as a mother figure for him. But she also died. Her death was a result of a brain tumor. Poe thought of her as the mother he always wanted. Later on in his life he married his thirteen year old cousin. She burst a blood vessel and became a vegetable until she died. With all the women in Poe’s life dying you can see the reason why he wrote about women either dead or dying in his stories. In contrast to Poe much less is known about J. S. LeFanu. His wife died in 1858 and this drove him to be a very depressed and reclusive man. This perhaps led him to write about the women dying in the supernaturally way they do. Poe’s use of women seemed to lean on abuse and murder. He always has their life end undesirable and in calamity. The women die by the men’s hand. LeFanu uses women in a very different way. In Carmilla the woman is the aggressor but alas in the end dies by the hand of the men. Poe uses his women in a way that they are in the story line but have no real particular use or interaction. In Black Cat the wife never spoke or had any real interaction. She was basically just another piece of the setting. In Fall of the House of Usher the sister doesn’t speak and had no particular part. The women in The Murders in the Rue Morgue were referre... Free Essays on The Women Of LeFanu And Poe Free Essays on The Women Of LeFanu And Poe The Women of LeFanu and Poe The women in the stories of Edgar A. Poe and Sheridan LeFanu are of two different persuasions but both have in common their death and demise. Poe’s stories exist mostly in the natural realm, some in the psychological, and LeFanu’s lean towards the supernatural. To understand why these two prolific men wrote about women the way they did we have to examine their background with women. Poe had a tough childhood growing up. He lost his father and mother only a year apart in 1810 and 1811. His sister went crazy and lost her mind. While he was in school, around the age of fifteen, a mother of one of his classmates acted as a mother figure for him. But she also died. Her death was a result of a brain tumor. Poe thought of her as the mother he always wanted. Later on in his life he married his thirteen year old cousin. She burst a blood vessel and became a vegetable until she died. With all the women in Poe’s life dying you can see the reason why he wrote about women either dead or dying in his stories. In contrast to Poe much less is known about J. S. LeFanu. His wife died in 1858 and this drove him to be a very depressed and reclusive man. This perhaps led him to write about the women dying in the supernaturally way they do. Poe’s use of women seemed to lean on abuse and murder. He always has their life end undesirable and in calamity. The women die by the men’s hand. LeFanu uses women in a very different way. In Carmilla the woman is the aggressor but alas in the end dies by the hand of the men. Poe uses his women in a way that they are in the story line but have no real particular use or interaction. In Black Cat the wife never spoke or had any real interaction. She was basically just another piece of the setting. In Fall of the House of Usher the sister doesn’t speak and had no particular part. The women in The Murders in the Rue Morgue were referre...

Angela Merkel

Prill Challenges of Leadership Leadership Book Analysis Modern World Leaders- Angela Merkel The person chosen for this leadership report is Angela Merkel. I read â€Å"Modern World Leaders-Angela Merkel† written by Clifford W. Mills. Being born in Berlin, with my pride in being German, as well as being a female with my own leadership ambitions, I felt Angela Merkel was a perfect fit for me. Gaining knowledge on the leadership style from one of the most powerful and influential women in the world, while also learning the values and beliefs my country is grounded on, I find Angela Merkel to be extremely interesting leader to study. Angela Merkel (born Angela Dorothea Kasner), was born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954. Angela was raised in East Germany where she later received Associates degree in 1973. Shortly after, she enrolled to the Karl Marx University where she later met and married Ulrich Merkel. She graduates with a bachelor and continues onto her PhD in Science at the Central institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. By 1986 she received her PhD which is also the same year she goes back to West Germany for the first time since she was baby. It was the many years in West Germany, full of communism and hardships, that taught Merkel how strong and powerful government could be. Merkel was determined to use power to serve the people not use it to control them. Rather than telling them what they wanted hear, she told them what to do to solve the political problem. A scholarly physicist with little to no interest in politics rose to the top of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) known as a conservative, male oriented, traditional political party. I believe the keys to her success include things such as her upbringing along with her passion and ambition. Raised by a minister in communist East Germany, Merkel had an upbringing like no other. A place where the economy was shattered- where resources and goods where lacking. Merkel and her family were always being watched upon by the Statsi. The Statsi was a security intelligence network that consisted of 100,000 full time employees with 300,000 informants recruited to spy on the citizens who might be subversive. Within this environment Merkel learned to keep her real thoughts to herself and keep her private and political world separate in fear of the Statsi. Ambition is an understatement. The fall of the Berlin Wall was the biggest eye opener and life changing event in Merkels life; going from someone who took no particular interest in politics to fighting for freedom and rights, almost over night. The day after Merkel was sworn in as chancellor Merkel wasted no time and made trips around the world meeting up with leaders in hopes to form alliances. Her first stop was Paris where she met with President Jacques Chirac where her goal was to emphasize the importance of their relationship. Next she met with security general Jaap de Hoop of the NATO. The NATO was a alliance between 26 countries where the attack on one country leads to the attack on all countries. Merkel knew how important this alliance was to Germany. Merkel returned home to meet the President of Pohomba of Namibia only to leave soon after to the United States to meet President Bush. Merkel was admired her never ending, ambitious, networking. â€Å"She put her loyalty to truth ahead of loyalty to the party†- Merkel’s put honesty and truth on the top of her values. When German chancellor Helmut Kohl admitted his guilt to receiving illegal claim contributions, Merkel was not scared to condemn Kohl in a public newsletter. Her mentor, the man who started Merkel in politics- in her eyes was now the man who betrayed a trust and should no longer be leader. Her honesty is the way Merkel got people to follow her as a leader. Although some felt she had stabbed Kohl in the back, many Germans praised her honesty. She had proven to the people that truth matters and that she stands behind it. Another time that Merkel wasn’t scared to stand her ground and simply standing up for what’s ethically right was back in high school. In Germany teachers quiet strict and at one point she had a teacher that would punish the entire class if a presentation differed even slightly from what the teacher told them to do. Deep down inside Merkel knew that the students put in extreme effort into the presentations and that this matter was so serious that the students could all be expelled from school. After explaining the situation to her parents, Merkel wrote a petition which she also presented to some GDR officials. Merkels class was saved; the teacher was later disciplined. I characterize her leadership style as one that is based on ethics and morals while also being very direct. She is both task oriented as well as relationship oriented. Merkel focuses on the business task at hand while putting great emphasis relationships and networking†¦ â€Å"I don’t think it make sense to go round and round in circles arguing about this crisis. We have to manage it instead. But that’s something we can only do together with our neighbors, our partners, the big ones and the small ones. I think Germany is destined, partly as a result of its geographic position, to be a mediator and balancing factor. † From this statement I feel as though Merkel is very direct and to the point- there is no point in arguing, let’s do something about it. At the same time Merkel puts emphasis on leader-member relations. Previous chancellor Schroeder was known for his extravagant sleigh rides with Russian President Putin along with an unwillingness to push Putin on difficult issues. Merkel wasn’t taking sleigh rides; she was making a dissimilar statement Based on her position Merkel has legitimate power and usually uses rational persuasion. She has the ability to influence others using something of value giving her reward power. Merkels degree in science gives her expert power and over the years has gained connection power through never ending networking and reciprocity. â€Å"I am, I think, courageous at the decisive moment. But I need a good deal of start-up time, and I try to take as much as possible into consideration beforehand. † Merkel puts a great deal of time studying an issue and pays close attention to detail when making a decision. When looking at a political issue, she looks at all sides and tries to understand it logically. Merkel does not go by â€Å"hunches† but finds out what others think (especially exerts). She studies an issue very carefully and does not make â€Å"right off the back† decisions. While some might of looked at it as inexperienced, Merkels courage stood out at the 2006 G8- Summit. The G8 Summit includes leaders from France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and the United States, that year taking place in Russia. One thing that was not â€Å"appropriate† during the G8 Summit was to criticize the host. Not only did Merkel question Russia on their electoral system claiming its shortcomings, she also vocalized that she did not want the natural gas from Russia to get disrupted again; she needed energy security for Europe to be assured and secured. Merkel had made headlines and made her mark. Merkel has not groomed a successor but is the successor of Gerhard Schroder. Schroeder was more of a Democrat while Merkel is a Republican. She is an anticommunist that wants there to be a bigger role for private business and less role of the government. Schroeder believed that the government had to be a regulator in businesses and that small changes to policy would bring Germanys level of competiveness up. Compared to her predecessor, Merkel felt government needed to get out of the way of business and that taxes should be simplified possibly with a flat rate. In order to decrease Germanys booming deficit, Schroeder cut social security payments an unemployment benefits. Merkel on the other hand found that increasing the VAT (value added tax) from 16%-18% was more successful. Another major difference between the two was their views on the war. While Schroeder was against the war, he allied himself with France and criticized the Bush administration. Merkel found the war to be dignified and correct- growing up in a country without freedom she knew exactly how precious it was. She explained Germany needed to stop bashing America and that her administration will have friendlier relations with America. A portrait of German princess born Sophie Augusta Fredrika, (later known as Russian empress Catherine the Great) hangs on the wall in Merkels office. Sophie married the 17-year-old grandson of Peter the Great and was crowned Catherine II. Catherine was the longest ruling and most renowned female leader of Russia. The Catherinian Era was sometimes referred to as the Golden Era as she extended Russian territory and reorganized law administration. Catherine led Russia into full participation in the cultural and political life of Europe. In September 2006 Merkel topped the â€Å"World’s Most Powerful Woman† list by Forbes Magazine. Analysts claim her strength was her â€Å"unassuming and tireless networking†. Leaders around the world such as Jacques Chirac, Tony Blair, and Vladimir Putin were all impressed by Merkel winning the admiration of people worldwide. Other awards received by Merkel include: * Vision for Europe award 2006 * Recognition of â€Å"Dama de Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italian† by Italian president 2006 * Honorary doctorate from Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2007 * Chalemagne Prize 2008 * Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 2008 * Honorary doctorate from University of Technology in Wrolaw (Poland) 2008 * â€Å" â€Å" from University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Jawaharlal Nehra Award (India) 2009 * Forbes most powerful women 5 years in a row This assignment has enabled me to see leadership traits and values from the perspective of one of the most powerful and successful women in the World. A political record breaker, who has marked her spot in history by moving Germany out of the recession. I was aware that Angela Merkel was the Chancellor of Germany but I didn’t know what motivated her and the type of person she is and how she leads her country. Her motivation and drives comes from the democratic and controlled life she lived in East Germany giving her the determination of providing German citizens a less controlled, free, and happy life. She grounds her decisions on principal and logic and leads in a direct, assertive manner. Although Merkel dominates German politics I view her more as a leader than a politician. Leaders care about the people they serve while politicians usually care about themselves and their party. APA Style Citations Angela Merkel: The Most Powerful Woman In The World People Stylist Magazine. n. d. ). Stylist. co. uk homepage Stylist Magazine. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www. stylist. co. uk/people/angela-merkel#image-rotator-1 Mills, C. (2008). Angela Merkel. New York: Chelsea House Reddy, V. (n. d. ). German Legend Angela Merkels Success story Posdcorb. Posdcorb. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www. vamsinathmba. com/2012/08/german-lezand-angela-merkels-success. html Smitha, F. E. ( n. d. ). Catherine the Great, Russian Empress. MacroHistory : World History. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www. fsmitha. com/h3/h31-gr6c. htm

Implications of Chinas Charm Offensive for the Sino-Venezuelan Research Paper

Implications of Chinas Charm Offensive for the Sino-Venezuelan Relations and the World Powers Energy Security - Research Paper Example From a conservative geopolitical perspective, Latin America and China are isolated from each other and appear improbable allies. After the establishment of New China in 1949, Latin America and China largely engaged in people-to-people transactions without conducting formal diplomatic affairs. Then again, the 1970s is described by reconciliation in Sino-American relations and the re-admission of China into the United Nations, which witnessed China start building diplomatic relations with most nations in Latin America (Locatelli, 2011). Since 1978, China enforced a strategy of opening up and restructuring, which involved the country conducting major policy reforms toward Latin America and stressing trade and economic partnership with this region. In the recent years, the developing economy of China and fast growing power in the global arena has become ever more appealing to countries of Latin America, which view Beijing as a major site for the expansion of their foreign economic and po litical ties. The strategic features of China’s diplomatic relations with Latin America have involved building strategic ties with Peru, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, and Venezuela (Locatelli, 2011). Latin America has a big market and rich resources, and the region has eventually evolved into a foundation for global development. Particularly, Latin American countries have turned out to be strategically vital to China, both in political and economic terms. China’s policy toward Latin America is rooted in the relative advantage theory—its objective is to gain access to natural resources or raw materials for domestic economic development, as well as...Although the emphasis of China’s policies over the recent decades has been on national economic rebuilding and development, China’s foreign policy has fulfilled a considerably vital part in building and sustaining an international setting. China’s ‘charm offensive’ or peaceful and positi ve relations with other nations and its status in the global system are very beneficial for attaining its policy goals. China’s vision of global amity is both an objective in itself and a way to attain its goal of economic progress and nonviolent emergence as a world power. Without a largely harmonious and established global structure, China’s economic growth would have been impossible (Kurlantzick, 2007). Hence, China’s national economic rebuilding and foreign policy are strongly interwoven with each other. Basically, China’s foreign policy is obliged to serve its entire economic program, and its rising economic power has allowed China to become more involved and influential in the arena of international relations. However, China’s relationship with Venezuela and its security policy toward the oil-producing Latin American country are, according to numerous scholars and policymakers, a threat to the United States. China and Venezuela openly declare their ambition of curtailing U.S. hegemony, and has made steps to create a multipolar world where the global power of the United States would be weakened. At this point, even with China’s charm offensive policy, it is very difficult to determine whether or not the other world powers should be wary about China’s growth as an economic, political, and military power.

One Man Band Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

One Man Band - Movie Review Example The indecision of the girl is part of her innocent character. This innocence is again depicted by the competing characters using the tempo of the music, and not quality to attract her attention. They also make use of dance steps to attract her to them. Her indecision leads to the loss of the coin. From the time of the loss of the coin, the innocent expression disappears. In its place, it appears a face of determinedness. She has realized that these two characters stopped her from putting the coin in the fountain. This removes the indecision. There is a firmness seen. She firmly demands compensation for her loss. Bass and Treble are now at a disadvantage. They are forced to give her the violin she demands. Her initial attempts at playing the violin are poor. This depicts her learning process. She tunes the violin and plays beautiful music. Bass and Treble are taken aback. Her playing so well causes a passerby to give her a bag of gold coins. Bass and Treble have not realized that she is smarter now from the experience she has gained. She has learned the value of money. She has also learned how to make money. There is a pleasant yet competent look on her face now. Bass and Treble cannot try to take advantage of her anymore. Her experience makes her overcome their overtures to her. She is able to overcome them, even though they combine forces instead of being in competition. Thus her experience has made her stronger. She tosses the two coins into the fountain. Bass and Treble can only look on and are not able to do anything about it. Thus through the experience, she has gained in her growing up, she is able to outsmart the two men, who tried to take advantage of her innocence, and turn h er away from putting a coin in the fountain (1)

Albert Camus The Stranger Essay Example for Free

Albert Camus The Stranger Essay In Camus The Stranger, the author exposes a tension between society and the protagonists perspective of society. The reader comes to understand the pointlessness of existence through the protagonists lens. Although society defines people by actions, Meursault rejects ideas of categorization and embraces a nihilistic view of life. This judgment passed on individuals is based on an individuals actions. Meursault realizes that everything that lives must die, therefore no matter what one does in life, one is still doomed to the same fate that everyone else is. Meursault makes all of his decisions based on his notion that his actions are unimportant because no matter how society classifies him, he will still die. It is Meursaults utter rejection of all things irrational that separate him from his fellow man and make him a stranger. The fact that Meursault doesnt cry at his own mothers funeral demonstrates how Meursault is disconnected from the normal human emotions of grief that usually accompany death. Meursault is not even sure when his mother died. Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I dont know(3). He seems to view the rest of humanity as the others, as if he is a mere observer rather than a part of humanity that he was born into. For example, the image of the elderly people gathered around the caretaker nodding their heads at Meursault conjures up the feeling of vultures surveying their prey. Even Meursault himself feels that they were there to judge(10). His behavior only reinforces this division as he finds himself unable to share in the emotional connection and experience of the vigil. For instance, when one of the women starts to cry, his only response to the tender display of love is, I wish I didnt have to listen to her anymore(10). He does not relate to nor understand the womans humanityas if he were a stranger to the essential elements of what it means to be human. Moreover, when the vigil ends and the elderly friends leave they shake his hand, a gesture to which he mockingly thinks as if that night had somehow brought us closer together (12). This sarcasm underscores how utterly detached he feels from the rest of the world. After returning from the funeral for his mother, Meursault really demonstrates the meaninglessness of his life. What could possibly be more  boring and meaningless than walking around your apartment for a while? This passage is interesting because it gives the reader a rare glimpse of reflection about his mother. Even here, though, it is ultimately selfish in nature. Now that his mother is gone, he feels that his apartment is too big for him. He still lacks remorse or grief, but hes realizing how his mothers death affects him: abstractly and physically. The fact that Meursault thinks the apartment is too big for only him symbolizes his aloneness. Just as the apartment is too big and he lives only in one little part, the world is too big, and he is fundamentally alone. By killing the Arab, Meursault proves that his actions define him, and even if society labels him as a murderer, it does not matter because he is going to die anyway. The murder of the Arab takes place at the climax of the story and it makes the reader wonder why Meursault has no remorse. He is aware of what he is doing and is aware that it is wrong, however he does it anyway. Most people would care if they shot another man, but since he has no cares, he does it with no worries or remorse. If the other one moves in, or if he draws his knife, Ill let him have it (56). This moment in particular is an example of his detached, passive, and psychotic nature. He offers to kill so nonchalantly that it shows no moral stance whatsoever. Hes so mentally detached that the thought of murder poses no great emotion or even feared remorse. Meursault starts to question why he should care about his life before he dies. He does not question what things would make his life worthwhile, but he questions why he should even question the things that would benefit his life. As far as I could see, it didnt have anything to do with me(69). This emphasizes the point that Meursault is strongly disjointed from society and his and other peoples happiness. All Meursault knows is that it is not worth his time to worry about classifying things as good or bad because he will die regardless of his classification. Meursault is asked about emotions and feelings he doesnt have or care to have. Meursault is annoyed because this is all a worthless examination into something that will seemingly bring no real conclusion to anything, because life is absurd. Meursault was sure about one thingdeath. He was sure he would die, just like everyone else.  But I was sure about me, about everything, surer than he could ever be, sure of my life and sure of the death I had waiting for me (120). In his death, Meursault finally becomes part of the mainstream society, along with everyone else. The only guarantee in life is death. Meursault would die regardless of whether he killed the Arab or not. Meursault has reached the understanding that his life is not affected by his actions; it is only affected by his inevitable death. Meursault justifies his actions with his indifference. Whatever he has done in his life could not save him from his death. Meursaults emotional detachment and disconnect from everyday emotions make him a stranger to humanity.

Cultural Concepts of Leisure Essay examples -- Leisure Culture Cultura

Cultural Concepts of Leisure Modern American culture seems to have the need for discrepancy between leisure and work more than any other culture in the world. We really forget the possibility that other meanings besides our own might exist. I would like to explore the different meanings that leisure has for people of other cultural backgrounds and compare them with those of European descent. It is important to keep in mind that there is no way of regarding any culture in which the results can be taken as truth about the culture in its entirety. Values and ideals vary from person to person and from community to community. There are, however, commonalties found spread throughout the body of a culture and these can be very meaningful. The western concept of leisure in most cases contains some notion of the need to get away from pressures, to have time for one's self, in order to do exactly what one would be doing were they not required to work. This is one concept which has not been found in some other cultures. In fact it was quite an offensive idea to the Indo-Canadian women interviewed for the Journal of Leisure research. These women had arrived in Canada in 1903 and made themselves homes here despite difficulty posed by extreme discrimination against Asian immigrants at the time. There were ten women interviewed for this study. Although it provides a strictly female view this research provides valuable insight into the cultural perception of leisure in India. Before conducting their interviews, researchers Susan C. Tirone and Susan M. Shaw sought advice from a professor from the Indo-Canadian community, familiar with qualitative research methods. She explained that using terms like leisure, hobbies and recreat ion would pr... ...ople tend to be so perplexed about wasting time and about making the most of the time when they don't have to work that they drive themselves to exhaustion in an attempt to make "good use" of their leisure time. This is because of the extent to which we differentiate between the two. The majority of us are completely absorbed in the system of consumerism; We work in order to have money, we have money in order to buy things to amuse ourselves with. We now see leisure as if it were something we must get as much as possible of in the time allotted, and we gain little or no rejuvenation and replenishment from it as a result. There is evidence everywhere of the possibility of a world in which the line between work and leisure is much much thinner and it is becoming a very critical issue and we have a lot to gain by considering the views of other cultures in this matter.

Dear Wife Analysis

John Downe’s letter to his wife creates an enthusiastic, persuasive tone to try to convince her to leave England and come to the United States. The diction he uses and the way he structures his sentences highlights the points he tries to make. He uses an array of rhetorical strategies and devices such as imagery, tone and attitude, and pathos to do so.Throughout most of the letter, Downe describes to his wife the lifestyle in the United States through imagery. The diction he uses gives a comforting, welcoming visual of what the United States has in store for his wife and family. Most of the persuading goes on in the first paragraph as he exemplifies all the great opportunities with leaving England and coming to the United States. He gives his wife a sense of security when he explains that people in the United States do not have to close or lock their doors and can enjoy their lives doing whatever they like, from picking fruits to going to get a drink. He gives her something to look forward to by describing the beauty of America and sharing his experiences.In the second paragraph, Downe gets into a more personal aspect with his word choice and sentence structure through pathos. Short, direct sentences are used to get his point across to his wife. He exemplifies his regret and remorse for leaving the family during his time of hardship and explains that he is back on his feet due to his choice of moving to the United States and starting a whole new life. Downe uses this to explain to his wife that her life can be changed if she comes also. He repeatedly used the word â€Å"dear† to refer to his wife and family and to make a point to personally address his wife.Downe’s tone and attitude throughout the whole letter is persuasive. It is important for him to get his family to move to the United States and enjoy a whole new life together. From describing the market place to trying to degrade England, his sole purpose is to convince his wife that th e United States is a better place for her and his family. He takes a shot at England when he said, that â€Å"there is no improper or disgusting equality† in the United States compared to England. He ends the letter with emotion when he tells his wife to give the children a kiss for him.John Downe uses different rhetorical strategies to try to persuade his wife to move to the United States from England. He paints an image of America that is welcoming and warm. His tone is very persuasive and he uses pathos to form a connection with his wife. Dear Wife Analysis John Downe’s letter to his wife creates an enthusiastic, persuasive tone to try to convince her to leave England and come to the United States. The diction he uses and the way he structures his sentences highlights the points he tries to make. He uses an array of rhetorical strategies and devices such as imagery, tone and attitude, and pathos to do so.Throughout most of the letter, Downe describes to his wife the lifestyle in the United States through imagery. The diction he uses gives a comforting, welcoming visual of what the United States has in store for his wife and family. Most of the persuading goes on in the first paragraph as he exemplifies all the great opportunities with leaving England and coming to the United States. He gives his wife a sense of security when he explains that people in the United States do not have to close or lock their doors and can enjoy their lives doing whatever they like, from picking fruits to going to get a drink. He gives her something to look forward to by describing the beauty of America and sharing his experiences.In the second paragraph, Downe gets into a more personal aspect with his word choice and sentence structure through pathos. Short, direct sentences are used to get his point across to his wife. He exemplifies his regret and remorse for leaving the family during his time of hardship and explains that he is back on his feet due to his choice of moving to the United States and starting a whole new life. Downe uses this to explain to his wife that her life can be changed if she comes also. He repeatedly used the word â€Å"dear† to refer to his wife and family and to make a point to personally address his wife.Downe’s tone and attitude throughout the whole letter is persuasive. It is important for him to get his family to move to the United States and enjoy a whole new life together. From describing the market place to trying to degrade England, his sole purpose is to convince his wife that th e United States is a better place for her and his family. He takes a shot at England when he said, that â€Å"there is no improper or disgusting equality† in the United States compared to England. He ends the letter with emotion when he  tells his wife to give the children a kiss for him.John Downe uses different rhetorical strategies to try to persuade his wife to move to the United States from England. He paints an image of America that is welcoming and warm. His tone is very persuasive and he uses pathos to form a connection with his wife.

An Example of an Introduction

An Example Of An Introduction How to write an Introduction It is the intention of this essay to critically analyse how a manager is able to plan, organise, lead and control the introduction of a self management team at Aerospace Technology Port Melbourne manufacturing plant. Secondly, this essay will also critically analyse how a self managing team leader is able to involve team members in problem identification, team meetings and rostering and strategic thinking and problem solving.Thirdly, this essay will seek to critically analyse how team leaders within a self managing team are able to empower other team members to become involve in problem identification and brainstorming of solutions to achieve a competitive advantage over key rivals. Body of Essay An Example Of How To Construct A Six Step Paragraph Step one: Write a lead in sentence that refers back to the essay topic It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. enior managers can deal with resistanc e to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Step Two: Cite expert opinion to support your upcoming cause and effect analytical example. Kotter & Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion.Step Three: Write a measurable cause and effect analytical example Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach that deals with resistance to change processes.Step Four: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the advantages of: Makawatsukul & Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities.In stage 3 Drug Inc. generous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul & Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles.Step Five: Cite expert opinion to support your analysis of the disadvantages of: Whereas, Dawson, (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argues that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees.Step Six: Write a concluding sentence (or two) that summarises the key point(s) contained in the paragraph In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An example of how to write an excellent paragraph T his is a repeat of the previous page but in the correct paragraphing format) It is the intention of this paragraph to analyse how and when Drug Inc. senior managers can deal with resistance to change, downsizing and casualisation of non-core employees. Kotter & Schlesinger (1979), as cited in Wood et al. , (2006:504), argues that there are six ways to deal with resistance to change namely education and communication, participation and involvement, support and facilitation, negotiation and agreement, manipulation and cooptation and explicit coercion.Drug Inc. top managers have decided to downsize and casualise its non-core workforce to reduce labour costs and introduce internet selling as part of its operations. However, these changes can impact on employees and may lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, absenteeism, morale, uncertain and fear of future employment. Therefore the Drug Inc. managers implement its changes by implementing a strategic planned change management approach t hat deals with resistance to change processes.Makawatsukul & Kleiner (2003), argues that the key advantages of managers and change agents being actively involved in managing change is that they are able to inform employees about the impending change being planned with open and honest communication, and by expressing the reason for downsizing. In stage 2 the remaining employees should be involved in redesigning and improving their job roles and responsibilities. In stage 3 Drug Inc. enerous remuneration offers should be made to the survivors of the downsizing to highlight how valued they are by management. In addition Makawatsukul & Kleiner (2003), also argues that the Drug Inc. needs to provide stress management, skill assessment, career counselling, workplace placement programs while training programs should also be provided to the remaining employees, in an effort increase their confidence and skills in performing new job roles.Whereas, Dawson (1996), as cited in Saka (2002), argu es that the key disadvantage of managers and change agents not communicating to employees the impending threat of downsizing and job redesign may result in an increase in rumours that leads to an increase in staff absenteeism, a decline in staff morale and loyalty that could ultimately result in an increase in staff turnover of highly talented and core employees.In conclusion, resistance to downsizing within the Drug Inc. organization can only be overcome if employees concerns are dealt with openly and honestly and the survivors new job roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and opportunities for training and development and advancement are explained to each employee on an individual basis. An Example Of A ConclusionIn conclusion, the key issues identified within the KD Transport case study are John the Managing Director’s autocratic leadership style, his autocratic decision making style and involvement in job analysis and job redesign in preparation for downsizing no n core job roles. In order to overcome the issues identified in KD Transport, these issues should be addressed efficiently. The first key problem identified is that John the ManagingDirector of KD Transport should be ready to change his traits and behaviours to overcome the problems facing at the moment due to his autocratic leadership style and autocratic decision making. The first key recommendation is that John adopts more participative leadership style over the current autocratic leadership style because it is likely to result in creative and innovative ideas, employee involvement in decision making that generate a broad range of actions that could be considered for implementation.The second key problem identified in the case study is that John the Managing Director should involve fellow managers and employees in the decision making process. The second key recommendation is that John adopts participative decision making where the Managing Director seeks input from other managers and employees and it is likely to result in increased employee satisfaction, improved staff loyalty, increased productivity and more informal efficient decision making outcomes.The third key issue identified is that John should involve HR personnel in job analysis and job redesign process. The third key recommendation is that John the Managing Director seek the involvement of HR Personnel or a HR consultant in employee downsizing, job analysis and job redesign process because HR personnel have the expertise to conduct job analysis and identify which job roles should be downsized and which employees and job roles should survive in order to achieve short term as well as long term organizational goals and objectives.Furthermore, the HR personnel has the expertise to design a training and coaching process for the survivors of the re-organisation process at KD Transport to perform the new job roles and responsibilities as a result of the job redesign process that occurred with the amalg amation of three warehouses into one. Finally, John the Managing Director should take all the aforesaid factors into consideration in order to facilitate the smooth running of the business and over come the current problems that KD Transport is experiencing. An Brief Example Of A Bibliography (A bibliography must be in alphabetical order of authors cited) References:Compton, R. , Morrissey, W. , and Nankervis, A. , (2006), Effective Recruitment and selection practices, 4th edition, CCH Aust Ltd, Sydney Deresky, H (2008), International Management: Managing across borders and cultures, 6th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Fish, A. , Bhanuogopan, R Cogin, J. , (2008), ‘Value orientations as predicators of cultural and business impact’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 30-48. Fu, P. , Yukl, G. , (2000), ‘Perceived effectiveness of influence tactics in the United States and China’, Leadership Quarterly, Vol . 1, No. 2. pp. 35-55. Hayes, D. , Ninemeier, J. , (2008), Human Resources in he Hospitality Industry, John Wiley & Sons Inc How To Cite Textbooks And Journals In Your Bibliography Citing textbooks in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication) Title of Textbook, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication. Citing journals in your bibliography is as follows: Surname, Initial of Christian Name, (Year of Publication), Title of journal article, Name of journal article, Volume, Issue Number, Page Numbers.

An Analysis of Coming Home Again by Chang Rae Lee Essay Essays

An Analysis of Coming Home Again by Chang Rae Lee Essay Essays An Analysis of Coming Home Again by Chang Rae Lee Essay Paper An Analysis of Coming Home Again by Chang Rae Lee Essay Paper In _Coming place Again_ . Chang Rae Lee negotiations about his relationship with his female parent and how the relationship alterations as he grows up. Lee negotiations about his mother’s cooking minutes to demo the relationship. As Lee describes the minute when he watches his ma â€Å"†¦ takes up a butchered short rib in her narrow hand†¦ and with the point of her knife cut so that the bone fell off. though non wholly. go forthing it connected to the meat by the barest opaque bed of tendon† to fix Kalbi ( Lee ) . Lee uses imagination to an extent where all the state of affairss in the essay give the reader a better feeling of what is happening. Lee besides deeply respects and loves his female parent. but the relationship becomes strained when he decides to go to the boarding school. As he looks back in the essay. he regrets the fact that he does non pass adequate clip with his female parent before she passed. He begins to experience that taking a boarding school make him lose valuable clip with his female parent. I believe that Lee wants us to associate our ain experiences to his household and attempts to learn us from his experiences. as he chooses Exeter and does non pass adequate clip with his female parent. Lee’s narrative truly expresses the thought that people ever need to give up something care foring to derive something valuable. as he says. at the terminal of the essay. â€Å"Sometimes I still think about what she said. about holding made a mistake† ( Lee ) . Similar to Lee. I chose to go to a boarding school in U. S. and to give the clip to pass with my household. When I think about the first clip I arrived at U. S. . it is still a fresh and unforgettable minute. As the flight attender broadcast â€Å"Tank you for winging with us. Hope you can bask the trip. Bye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . the flight landed on the land of U. S. Looking out the window and experiencing the exhilaration flowed into my bosom. I instantly turned to my ma and said â€Å"Mom. I will be more mature and self-sufficient after those four old ages. † Mom did non state anything but nodded her caput and so went to the public toilet. I did non recognize anything at that minute and merely maintain stating to myself. â€Å"Derek. Gott. a brand it! Be independent. acquire more instruction. and battle for the hereafter! † Went out of the door of JFK and got on the auto to Connecticut. I began the journey in United States. While we were on the manner to Connecticut. I was comparing all the different manners edifices with those in China and profoundly attracted by the drives. but I still did non experience the regard from my parent as they looked at me thoughtfully. As we were acquiring closer to the school. my male parent said â€Å"son. make non be afraid of anything and acquire to be stronger. † Myself. nevertheless. did non acquire the significance of this sentence boulder clay I went into the dorm†¦ At the minute I went into the residence hall. the circumstance dumbed me since I had neer been to a residence hall before and neer imagined there would be 10 people utilizing one bathroom and our room did non even have an air conditioner. I stared at the residence hall and wanted to inquire my parents if I can go forth but I all of a sudden realized that I needed to be responsible for my ain determination to analyze abroad. It seems like my male parent knew what I was believing. and he patted on my shoulder and said to me in an encouraging tone. â€Å"Go take a shower and everything will be all right. † He walked me into the bathroom and settled everything for me. which made me experience much better. As I walked into the bath. I started recognizing and experiencing the concerns from my parents. and my eyes all of a sudden suffused by the cryings. which truly blanked my caput. When I went back to the room. my parents were assisting to pack all the material and concerns were painted on their faces. Few proceedingss after we talked in the room. the instructor came and asked my parents to go forth. and my mom’s eyes began to be fulfilled by cryings. My male parent instantly gripped my mom’s custodies and went out of my room with a sound of â€Å"good night† . I was gazing at the shutting door and the cryings were dropping like a shower of pouring rain. My roomie came back after few minutes and called me up. but my head was still clean. As my parents Skype with me after they got back to the hotel. they said† Son. if you do non experience good or can non acquire used to the environment. allow us cognize. Or you can even come back to home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tears wanted to come out one time once more. but I know I need to be more immune and I said. † Everything is good. No concerns. † I did non kip for that dark and began to inquire if it is a wise determination for me to analyze abroad with a cost of passing less clip with my household and made them worry about my day-to-day life. After believing for all dark long. I told myself to acquire good instruction. to broaden my vision. to be more self-sufficing and to be more mature. On the twenty-four hours my parents left U. S. . they sent me a message said. â€Å"Just make your best to detect your hereafter. † And I replied. † I will. † Now. as I am composing this essay. it besides has been the 5th twelvemonth I analyzing in U. S. . which teaches me how to be immune and gives me a opportunity to be more mature ; because of this chance. similar to Lee. I treasure the memories more than anything and cognize the important significance of the household. Different from Lee. I feel that it has been a great experience to derive more experiences and to be more self-sufficing during the journey in U. S. . which is worthy to give some the valuable clip to pass with household. even though I besides long to hold my female parent back.

Thematic essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thematic 2 - Essay Example In â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing,† a mother reflects on her struggle to raise her daughter Emily during the harsh years of the Great Depression and the World War. She questions the decisions she has made and their effect on her daughter. The mothers are the narrators in â€Å"Everyday Use† and â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing.† Another point of similarity in the two stories is the sibling relationships. Walker’s Dee and Maggie, and Olsen’s Emily and Susan, are sisters whose interactions play important roles in the development of the narratives. The two pairs of siblings experience similar treatment from their mothers, and have similar personalities and sibling relationships. Maggie in â€Å"Everyday Use† and Emily in â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† are treated in similar ways by their mothers. Maggie and Emily are the elder daughters in poor households. In these circumstances, they are called upon to share a significant part of the mothers’ domestic burdens. Maggie cleans the yard, stays back in the kitchen to wash-up after dinner and, unlike her sister, knows all the household tasks, including quilting. Her position is the family is â€Å"like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her† (Walker, 74). In the same way, Emily is obliged â€Å"to help be a mother, and housekeeper, and shopper† (Olsen, 5). Maggie and Emily bear the brunt of the family’s poverty. ... Walker’s narrator placidly condones the selfishness of the successful Dee, who has carved a place for herself in the outside world, and takes for granted the stay-at-home Maggie, who stoically bears her modest lot. Similarly, Olsen’s mother admits that, unlike her younger siblings, Emily is â€Å"a child of her age, of depression, of war, of fear† (Olsen, 7). It is clear that the younger siblings, Dee and Susan, receive preferential treatment from the two mothers. The mothers come to acknowledge this discrimination. Maggie’s mother makes amends by refusing to give Dee the quilts, while Emily’s mother hopes the Emily will â€Å"find her way† (Olsen, 7) in the future. The siblings in the two stories also share appearances and personalities. Maggie is â€Å"homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs† (Walker, 2). She shuffles and sidles up to people, is afraid to meet strangers and totally lacks self-confidence. Her mothe r declares, â€Å"She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passes her by† (Walker, 13). Similarly, Emily’s walk is nervous. Her skin is scarred by pock marks and she stammers in class. Her mother says â€Å"She was not glib or quick† (Olsen, 4). In contrast, the younger siblings are pretty and confident. Dee is â€Å"lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure† (Walker, 10). She is attractive, extroverted, confident and ready to take what she wants. Likewise, Susan is â€Å"golden and curly haired and chubby, quick and articulate and assured, everything in appearance and manner Emily was not† (Olsen, 5). The mothers themselves admit that the elder girls are inferior to their younger siblings in attractiveness and personality. The two pairs of siblings experience

Two Strategy Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Strategy Questions - Assignment Example In the measurement stage, the products output were measured according to the set out expected performance. Analyze phase considered the merits and demerits of the products. Orkut was a social media platform which did well in some countries, but not as compared to Facebook. Google translate enabled users to search for information in different languages, though the languages were insufficient. Google earth pictures were vague and one could not see the directions in case of difficulty. Gmail application was a computer web based operation and due to technology changes, users suggested a mobile version. Lastly, Picasa enabled users to store and edit their photos online. The improve stage saw major shake ups in Google internal operations. The social network Orkut was scrapped due to low numbers. Google translate was added forty more different translation languages. Sky, ocean, Google map and navigation were also included on Google earth to improve the quality and features from the satellite. Mobile Gmail was introduced for all wap enabled phones. For mass Google presence on the internet and entertainment industry, it purchased the reowned video streaming company, you tube. Google controls its operations through the use of feedback from its users to avoid their dissatisfaction. Feedback is collected by Google employees who work in teams for efficiency. The changes in internal operations are effective as Google has managed to stay at the top after continuous improvements. Changes from way back have yielded extreme profits over the years in Google, and therefore, improvements in internal operations are vital. Corporate culture is the accepted norms, values and systems that define an organization and undertaken to meet its objectives. Corporate culture helps strategy execution in a number of ways. First, it fosters innovation. If an

Renaissance Art Categories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Renaissance Art Categories - Essay Example Commonly known as early renaissance art, fifteenth-century Italian Art was known for its artistic unsuitable behavior in the republic of Florence between 1417 and 1494. The majority of the art developed during this period originated from Florence due to several aspects that art from this period grasped. Italian art dominated this scene, with a variety of rivalries occurring amongst Christian leaders, regarding the arts to be depicted in religious architecture. According to Stokstad and Cothren, the rivalries amongst religious leaders over the arts also contributed o the definition of the art trends and pieces themselves. The rivalries that were experienced include contending popes, Florence and aggressive neighbors, humanitarians and devout religion followers and entertainers. 3. Sixteenth-century Italian Art Art from Italy during the 1500’s is further categorized into the high Renaissance and late Renaissance. High Renaissance was comparatively short and was dominated by artists such as Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Late Renaissance comprised of art composed from an estimated period of 1527 to 1600. Art made from this era has been highly referred to artists who used mannerism. Mannerism is the artistic technique employed and educated at an art academic facility called mannerism as well. High Renaissance was looked up as high because art from this era stood for culmination. Timid artistic journeying of Proto-renaissance blossomed in the course of Sixteenth-century Italian Art.

Employment Law College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment Law College - Case Study Example Mary has the behavioral control wherein the facts are shown because Little Lamb Company has the right to direct and even control Mary for doing the task wherein the instructions were given by Little Lamb to Mary such as requiring her to use the company materials including the equipment while adhering to the schedules of company work. Mary is subject to the instructions of the company such as when, where, and absolutely how to work wherein this is a proof that Mary is really the common law employee rather than independent contractor because Mary is not using her own methods. As the common-law employee, the training with regards to the company, financial control and the extent for Mary has the unreimbursed company expenses and the independent contractors are said to be more likely to be able to reimburse the said business expenses. The fixed costs that are ongoing are said to be incurred not considering whether the said work is performed currently classified as specifically important. In defining the contract of employment, i

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis Heterocycles1 are one of the major classes of organic compounds. They are cyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc.). These compounds are of biological and industrial importance. Many materials that are essential to life include a heterocyclic moiety; examples of these are: amino acids, nucleic acids, pigments, vitamins, antibiotics and many more. Heterocycles are part of our everyday life and are present in: drugs, dyes, pesticides and plastics.2, 3 Most common heterocycles are five or six membered ring; examples of these are pyridine, pyrrole, furan and thiophene (Figure 1). It is also possible to find two or more of them fused together to give even more complex structures.4 Figure 1: Common heterocyclic structures Many heterocyclic compounds are biosynthesised by plants and animals and hence have biological activity. These include as the haem group in the blood, and the chlorophylls ,essential for photosynthesis, both of these are essential to life.5 Examples of heterocycles used in the pharmaceutical industry include the pyridine based anti-AIDS-virus drug Nevirapine6, or the vasodilator Nicorandil for the treatment of angina (Figure 2).7 Figure 2: Example of heterocyclic drugs Pyrimidines are an important class of heterocycles that are essential to life and biologically and pharmacologically active. Cytosine, thiamine, uracil, adenine, guanine are the nitrogen bases that are present in both DNA and RNA (Figure 3); derivatives of these have been used to form the core of drug molecules, due to their ability to selectively interact with the human body.3, 7 Figure 3: Pyrimidines 2. Synthesis of heterocycles There are various traditional pathways leading to high yielding heterocyclic synthesis. Two of the most common are: Fischer-indole1, 8 synthesis and a Hantzsch synthesis to obtain the pyridines. Fisher-indole synthesis (Scheme 1) has been the most important method for the preparation of substituted indoles. It involves the formation of an imine 1.3 from a hydrazine 1.1 and a ketone 1.2. This will then tautomerise to give a enamine 1.4 that will subsequently undergo a [3,3] Cope rearrangement and form a di-imine 1.5, that will then aromatise. The aromatised amine 1.6 will undergo further intramolecular cyclisation to give the indoline 1.7 which will also aromatise to give the second ring system of the indole 1.8.4, 7 Scheme 1: Fischer-indole synthesis of indoles The Hantzsch1, 8 synthesis (Scheme 2), is a three component reaction, which firstly involves an aldol condensation of a diketone 2.1 with acetone 2.2. This is then followed by a conjugate addition of another equivalent of a diketone 2.1 to give a tetraketone 2.4. By adding ammonia it will lead to the formation of an imine and enamine component 2.5, which will subsequently react with sodium nitrate and acetic acid to aromatise to give pyridine 2.6.9 Scheme 2: Hantzsch synthesis of pyridines These two synthetical techniques have been greatly utilised however they have their downsides; which range from the need for high temperatures, large amounts of stoichiometric reagents, as well as the poor accessibility of the starting materials. This has therefore driven research for the discovery of new methodologies for an efficient route for the synthesis of heterocycles and their derivatives. A wide range of new heterocyclic synthetic routes using metal cross coupling reactions have arisen in particular utilising palladium as catalyst10, examples which are considered in the section below. 2.1. Synthesis of indole heterocycles using catalysis A palladium catalysed Fisher indole synthesis has been discovered by Wagaw et. al.. It involves the cross coupling of an aryl bromide and a hydrazone. This palladium catalysed reaction has proven to be very versatile in respect to the functionality of both the reagents used. The addition of the p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate hydrolyses imine 3.3 therefore liberating the hydrazine which will subsequently react with a ketone to give a hydrazone. This will then undergo standard Fischer-indole process to produce 3.4 (Scheme 3).11 Scheme 3: Palladium catalysed Fischer-indole synthesis 2.1.1. Palladium catalysed reactions Palladium catalysed reactions have been regularly used in both academic and industrial synthetic chemistry laboratories as an important method for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. These have been heavily applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically important molecules.1, 12 Many palladium catalysed reactions go through a similar catalytic cycle. The catalytic species can be formed in situ by using a palladium source such as Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 or Pd(OAc)2 with the addition of an appropriate ligand. By choosing the correct ligand this can improve two steps in the catalytic cycle; oxidative addition and reductive elimination.13 A common feature of these catalytic process (Scheme 4) is the formation of aryl/alkyl Pd(II) intermediates which will then be functionalised to form C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds that are cleaved off from the metal centre.14 Most of the Pd catalysed reactions undergo the same basic catalytic cycle involving; oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination. Scheme 4: Palladium catalytic cycle 2.1.2. Palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions Below in Table 1 are described some of the most common palladium catalysed reactions.15-18 Table 1: Palladium catalysed reactions Name of Reaction Suzuki Stille Negishi Hiyama Sonogashira Heck Buckwald-Hartwig Catalyst Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0), Cu(I) Pd(0) Pd(0) Base Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Reagent 1 Reagent 2 R= EWG (eg. NO2, CN, COOR) Product 3. Recent examples of heterocyclic synthesis There are various recent examples of interesting heterocycles synthesis. Large amounts of research covering aspects of C-H activation, atom economy improvements and efficiency with the use of different solvents has been carried out to improve the conditions of the synthesis. An interesting class of heterocyclic moiety is pyrimidines due to their desirable biological activity. Over recent years the pyrimidine system (Figure 4) has been shown to be an important pharmacophore.19 Figure 4: Pyrimidine moiety Pyrimidines are very prevalent in nature; they are the precursors for the nucleoside bases of both DNA and RNA (Figure 3) and are also found in many more natural products such as vitamins and antibiotics. Examples, of this class of heterocycles, are shown below in Figure 5.19 Figure 5: Natural products containing pyrimidine moiety As a result of this long-lasting interest in the pyrimidine moiety as well as in its derivatives in the use as potential drug targets, the synthesis of this heterocyclic ring has been expansively researched.15 Good yielding strategies have been developed primarily on the basis of nitrogen-carbon-nitrogen condensation reactions. An example of this is the Pinner addition (Scheme 5) of guanidines 5.2 and amidine salts to 1,3-diketones 5.1 or their derivatives.20 Scheme 5: Pinner addition for the synthesis of pyrimidines 3.1. Synthesis of ÃŽ ²-Enaminones: an entry into pyrimidines Gayon et. al.21 have demonstrated highly stereoselective synthesis of ÃŽ ²-enaminones via based catalysed rearrangement of propargylic hydroxylamines. ÃŽ ²-Enaminones are versatile compounds that have been used for their pharmacological activity, as building blocks for natural product synthesis and heterocyclic synthesis. The initial discovery showed that propargylic hydroxylamine 6.1 underwent rearrangement to give the Cbz-protected enaminone 6.2 as a single (Z) diastereomer (Scheme 6) which could then be used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. Scheme 6: Base catalysed rearrangement reaction to afford ÃŽ ²-enaminones The reaction mechanism (Scheme 7) starts from the deprotonated aminol 7.2 that is easily formed; this is due to the association of the hydroxyl anions present in solution with the propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1. With the deprotonation takes place at the propargylic position an imine 7.3 is formed this is also because of the elimination of hydroxyl anions which are triggered by the deprotonation itself. Hydroxyl anions add to the imine which will eventually for the allenol 7.4. This can then undergo keto-enol tautomerisation to produce the deprotonated enaminone 7.5. The last step involves proton exchange between another molecule of propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1 and the anionic deprotonated enaminone 7.5 to give the product and another molecule of aminol 7.6. Scheme 7: Mechanism for rearrangement These enaminones proved to be an interesting building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. The presence of a nucleophilic nitrogen atom, a double bond and an electrophilic carbonyl provided an different cyclocondensation process to simple Pinner addition on the basis of the addition of an electrophile/nucleophile partner; such as a carboxamide. Scheme 8: Propargylic hydroxylamine to pyrimidines The presence of the nitrogen atom on the enaminone 6.2 is advantageous for an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of functionalised pyrimidines (Scheme 8) from readily commercially available and inexpensive carboxamides that can give easier access to pyrimidines. 3.2. Synthesis of Pyrazine Heterocycles and their Derivatives Pyridazines have been considered one of the ‘most drugable’ heteroaromatic rings for medicinal purposes.22 Its analogues have proved to be good starting points for developing drugs for various molecular targets and have demonstrated biological activity in many key areas such as obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory pain and many more.22 Abed et al. have recently elaborated a synthesis of novel fused pyridazines by carrying out a diaza-Wittig reaction on 1,3-diketones (Scheme 9).20 Scheme 9: Synthesis of pyrazine heterocycles The work was divided in two parts; the first was the development of a convenient strategy to obtain versatile pyridazines containing an ester group at position 6 as a point of divergence. The latter steps involved the synthesis of pyridazines 9.4 with a ketone group at position 6. Towards this aim, different methods of cyclization techniques were applied which led to the formation of previously not known biheterocyclic compounds. This novel methodology provided an attractive synthesis for fused pyridazines derivatives (9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8).20 The synthesis of functionalised pyridazines 10.4 (Scheme 10) proceeded via a diaza-Wittig reaction (10.3 to 10.4, step b.) affording a convenient and safer method for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. Scheme 10: Synthesis of pyridazines 3.3. Direct imine acylation for heterocyclic synthesis Much attention has been focussed on the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic structure to advance the discovery of novel lead compounds for pharmaceutical discovery. A particularly useful approach is the formation of N-acyliminium ions from the acylation of imines with acid halides and anhydrides. This is a well-known reaction but very little work has previously been carried out to show the full potential of these ring closure reactions.23 Unsworth et. al. has provided a neat ring closing reaction (Scheme 11) by using propylphosphonic acid anhydride 11.3 (T3P) and NEt(iPr)2 for the coupling of aliphatic acids 11.2 (containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur nucleophiles) to imines 11.1. This will generate N-acyliminium ions 11.4 that can easily be trapped intramolecularly by the nucleophilic substituents that are present on the aliphatic acid fragment to form 11.5. Scheme 11: Ring closing reaction for heterocyclic synthesis This methodology has been used by Unsworth for the synthesis of the natural product evodiamine (Figure 6).24 Figure 6: Synthesis of evodiamine 4. Domino reactions A process that involves two or more bond-forming transformations that can take place under the same reaction conditions without additional reagents and/or catalysts, are considered to be domino/tandem reaction.25 In the past decades, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through new domino reactions has attracted many researches and is still an expanding area.26 The idea of building simple and complex heterocycles starting from very easy and reasonable building blocks using a ‘single pot’ reaction with consecutive transformation taking place, is an attractive tool for synthetic chemists, especially if the synthesis can be used to create multiple stereogenic centres.26, 27 This ‘one pot’ strategy has many advantages; reduction of solvent, waste production, reaction time and atom economy28, all of which are important for developing a more sustainable chemistry. One single reaction can potentially convert an inexpensive material to a highly complex, biologically active heterocyclic molecule.26, 29 For many years the research groups of Valotti and Arcadi have focussed their interests in developing a new synthetic route for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles starting from alkyne derivatives.30 They have focused most of their attention on the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles by the condensation of ketoalkynes with ammonia.30 Examples of these are shown below in Scheme 12 and show the 5-exo-dig cyclisation reactions of 4-pentynones 12.1 to synthesise polysubstituted and joined pyrrole derivatives 12.2, Ketoalkyne moiety 12.5 in an aromatic framework would allow a 6-endo-dig cyclisation of 5-acetyl-4-alkynylthiazoles 12.6 and 2-acyl-3-alkynylindoles 12.7 to pyrido[3,4-c]thiazole and pyrido[3,4-b]indoles 12.8.31, 32 Scheme 12: Synthesis of pyrrole, pyridine and indole nitrogen containing heterocycles Another example of a tandem reaction for heterocyclic synthesis is the intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones for the formation of cyclic isooxazolidines ( Scheme 13). For example an interesting method has been developed for the generation of the cyclic isooxazolidines frameworks by using cheap and accessible starting material, such as Amaryllicaceae alkaloids, through a 1,2-prototropic shift of oximes. Scheme 13: Tandem reaction for cyclic isooxazolidines Wildman observed that the reaction of 6-hydroxybuphandidrine with hydroxylamine produced a cycloadduct; the reaction occurs by the formation of an intermediate oxime that then undergoes a subsequent 1,2-prototropic shift to give the nitrile oxide that then undergoes an intramolecular [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. 5. Indoles In both nature and drug discovery, a common nitrogen containing heterocycle is indole and its derivatives. These naturally occurring molecules are present in a range of compounds (Figure 7) such as amino acids (tryptophan) and hormones (melatonin) and many others.33 Figure 7: Naturally occurring indoles As indoles are structural components of a large number of biologically active natural compounds, their synthesis and functionalization has been heavily researched, and is a crucial step in the preparation of many pharmaceutical compounds.33 Below, in Figure 8, are a couple of examples of indole containing pharmaceuticals and their applications; Sumatripan used for the treatment of migraine and Arbidol as an antiviral drug.34 Figure 8: Indole containing pharmaceutical compounds Another potential application for indoles is the possible use of indole derived nitrones as spin traps which can be employed as free radical probes for the identification of radicals in chemical and biological systems.35, 36 The pyrroline based 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) followed by the 5-carbamoyl-5-methyl-l-pyrroline N-oxide (AMPO) have often been used as nitrene spin traps in the past years (Figure 9).37 The use of spin trapping has gained attention in the recent years and it is currently being used in the investigation of reactive intermediates in the areas of fuel cell research, nanotechnology, catalysis, environmental remediation and photodynamic therapy using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).38 Figure 9: DMPO and AMPO spin traps The main disadvantages with many spin trap nitrones, for example DMPO, is the formation of secondary EPR signals; caused by the formation of other radical species caused by the instability by hydrolysis, decomposition and various other side reactions.37 Also, the slow reactivity of the superoxide radical anion to the nitrones and the short half-life of the spin adducts together, with slow rate of passive diffusion through the cell membran decreases their application in the human body as O2. – probes, unless further modifications can be carried out.38 Variants of the DMPO that contain indole moieties are 1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-isoindole-N-oxide (TMINO) and 1,1-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-isoindole-N-oxide(3-TF-TMINO) (Figure 10) which offer more stability to the oxygen radical adduct.37 Figure 10: Novel spin trap nitrones 6. Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Novel structures related to indoles such as isoindoline and isoindolinone compounds (Figure 11) are still relatively unexplored and have only begun to be explored over the past few years. Figure 11: Isoindoline and Isoindolinone Both of these structures have attracted a large amount of attention as pharmacophores due to their potential physiological and chemotherapeutic activity. These bicyclic models moieties have found a large importance as intermediates in the synthesis of various dugs and natural products.39 The more stable isoindolinones in particular demonstrate fascinting biological properties40, 41 as part of biologically active natural products such as magallanesine as well as drug candidates such as pagoclone shown in Figure 12.42 Figure 12: Isoindolinones as drug candidates The biological activity of isoindolinones has been utilised for the preparation of drugs for treatments in a wide range of diseases (Figure 13) such as: diabetes treatment, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antipsychotic agents, for the modulation of dopamine D receptor, inhibitors of amyloid protein aggregation for the treatment of Alzheimer, selective antagonist of Essential Thromobocythemia (ET) diseases related to the heart and the lungs, melanocortin subtype-4-receptor in the targeting of weight disorder and sexual dysfunction43 and as antileukemic agents.42, 44-46 Figure 13: Isoindolines as drug candidates There have been several methods employed traditionally for the synthesis of these compounds based on use of a wide range of transformation, such as Diels-Alder, Grignard reagents, reductions, Wittig reactions and photochemical reactions. An example of one of them follows in Scheme 14. Scheme 14: One pot synthesis of isoindolinones The traditional routes are usually complex and have proved to be very unsatisfactory due to the low yields and the expensive starting material.39 Most approaches do not provide a large compatibility with many functional groups and suffer from a lack of generality.38, 42 New approaches have arisen in the past decades involving palladium chemistry and lithiation procedure for the synthesis of substituted isoindolinones that have proved to be easier to handle. An example of this is shown below (Scheme 15).47 Scheme 15: Lithiation and substitution